API principles

The following is an overview over the guiding principles and ideas that underpin the API of alchemlyb.

alchemlyb

alchemlyb is a library that seeks to make doing alchemical free energy calculations easier and less error prone. It includes functions for parsing data from formats common to existing MD engines, subsampling these data, and fitting these data with an estimator to obtain free energies. These functions are simple in usage and pure in scope, and can be chained together to build customized analyses of data. General and robust workflows following best practices are also provided, which can be used as reference implementations and examples.

alchemlyb seeks to be as boring and simple as possible to enable more complex work. Its components allow work at all scales, from use on small systems using a single workstation to larger datasets that require distributed computing using libraries such as dask.

First and foremost, scientific code must be correct and we try to ensure this requirement by following best software engineering practices during development, close to full test coverage of all code in the library, and providing citations to published papers for included algorithms. We use a curated, public data set (alchemtest) for automated testing.

Core philosophy

  1. Use functions when possible, classes only when necessary (or for estimators, see (2)).

  2. For estimators, mimic the scikit-learn API as much as possible.

  3. Aim for a consistent interface throughout, e.g. all parsers take similar inputs and yield a common set of outputs.

  4. Have all functionality tested.

API components

The library is structured as follows, following a similar style to scikit-learn:

alchemlyb
├── parsing
│   ├── amber.py
│   ├── gmx.py
│   ├── gomc.py
│   ├── namd.py
│   └── ...
├── preprocessing
│   ├── subsampling.py
│   └── ...
├── estimators
│   ├── bar_.py
│   ├── mbar_.py
│   ├── ti_.py
│   └── ...
├── convergence
│   ├── convergence.py
│   └── ...
├── postprocessors
│   ├── ...
│   └── units.py
├── visualisation
│   ├── convergence.py
│   ├── dF_state.py
│   ├── mbar_matrix.py
│   ├── ti_dhdl.py
│   └── ...
└── workflows           ### WORK IN PROGRESS
│   ├── base.py
│   ├── abfe.py
  • The parsing submodule contains parsers for individual MD engines, since the output files needed to perform alchemical free energy calculations vary widely and are not standardized. Each module at the very least provides an extract_u_nk function for extracting reduced potentials (needed for MBAR), as well as an extract_dHdl function for extracting derivatives required for thermodynamic integration. Moreover an extract` functon is provided, which returns a dict containing both derivatives and reduced potentials. Other helper functions may be exposed for additional processing, such as generating an XVG file from an EDR file in the case of GROMACS. All extract_* functions take similar arguments (a file path, parameters such as temperature), and produce standard outputs (pandas.DataFrame for reduced potentials, pandas.Series for derivatives).

  • The preprocessing submodule features functions for subsampling timeseries, as may be desired before feeding them to an estimator. So far, these are limited to slicing, statistical_inefficiency, and equilibrium_detection functions, many of which make use of subsampling schemes available from pymbar. These functions are written in such a way that they can be easily composed as parts of complex processing pipelines.

  • The estimators module features classes a la scikit-learn that can be initialized with parameters that determine their behavior and then “trained” on a fit method. MBAR, BAR, and thermodynamic integration (TI) as the major methods are all implemented. Correct error estimates require the use of time series with independent samples.

  • The convergence submodule features convenience functions/classes for doing convergence analysis using a given dataset and a chosen estimator.

  • The postprocessors submodule contains functions to calculate new quantities or express data in different units.

  • The visualisation submodule contains convenience plotting functions as known from, for example, alchemical-analysis.py.

  • The workflows submodule contains complete analysis workflows …

    For example, alchemlyb.workflows.abfe implements a complete absolute binding free energy calculation.”.

All of these components lend themselves well to writing clear and flexible pipelines for processing data needed for alchemical free energy calculations, and furthermore allow for scaling up via libraries like dask or joblib.

Development model

This is an open-source project, the hope of which is to produce a library with which the community is happy. To enable this, the library will be a community effort. Development is done in the open on GitHub. Software engineering best-practices will be used throughout, including continuous integration testing via Travis CI, up-to-date documentation, and regular releases.

Following discussion, refinement, and consensus on this proposal, issues for each need will be posted and work will begin on filling out the rest of the library. In particular, parsers will be crowdsourced from the existing community and refined into the consistent form described above.

Historical notes

Some of the components were originally demoed in gist a41e5756a58e1775e3e3a915f07bfd37.

David Dotson (@dotsdl) started the project while employed as a software engineer by Oliver Beckstein (@orbeckst), and this project was a primary point of focus for him in this position.